1. Intshayelelo emfutshane
Ibhloko yokulinganisela yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeyunithi yokupompa umqadi, umsebenzi wayo kukulinganisela iyunithi yokupompa. Umahluko ekutshintsheni umthwalo ngexesha lokubethelwa phezulu nasezantsi, kuba intloko yedonki ithwalaubunzima beviliIkholamu yolwelo esebenza kwicandelo lepiston kunye nobunzima bekholamu yentonga yokufunxa kulwelo, kunye nokuxinana, ukungabi namandla, ukungcangcazela kunye neminye imithwalo ngexesha lokunyuka kweyunithi yokufunxa. Ihlawula amandla amaninzi: ngenxa yobunzima bentonga yokufunxa ngexesha lokuhla, intloko yedonki ithwala kuphela amandla okutsala ezantsi. Ayipheleli nje ekubeni imoto ingadingi kuhlawula amandla, kodwa isebenza kwimoto. Ngenxa yokuba umthwalo wemijikelo ephezulu nesezantsi wahlukile kakhulu, imoto inzima kakhulu. Kulula ukuyitshisa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iyunithi yokufunxa ingasebenzi kakuhle. Ukuze kusonjululwe ezi ngxaki zingasentla, kufuneka kusetyenziswe isixhobo sokulinganisela ukunciphisa umahluko womthwalo phakathi kwemijikelo ephezulu nesezantsi, ukuze izixhobo zikwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.
Iubunzima beviliiqhagamshelwe ngokuqinileyo kwi-crank ngeebholithi zohlobo lwe-"T". Ngokujikeleza kwe-crank, kwenziwa intshukumo ejikelezayo. Ubunzima be-ubunzima beviliiphakathi kwama-500-1500kg. kwi-crank. Kwiyunithi yokupompa ye-beam, ibhalansi ye-crank isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimashini ezinzima. Umthwalo womngxuma osezantsi mkhulu kakhulu, kwaye impembelelo yemithwalo eyahlukeneyo etshintshanayo yenza kube lula ukuyikhulula i-balance block. Ukuba i-balance block iyakhululeka kwaye ityibilike, iya kubangela iingozi zokupompa. Iingozi ezifana neentonga ezigobileyo zokudibanisa, ii-crank ezikrazukileyo, kunye neeyunithi zokupompa aziyi konakalisa kakhulu izixhobo ze-wellhead kuphela, kodwa zide zibeke emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lomntu. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlalutya izizathu zokukhululwa kwe-balance block yeyunithi yokupompa kwaye kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okunciphisa ukwenzeka kweengozi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo zeyunithi yokupompa.
2. Unobangela wokungakhululeki kwebholiti
Izizathu eziphambili zokukhululwa kohlobo lwe-"T"amantongomane eenkunixa umatshini weoyile usebenza zezi zilandelayo:
(1) Ukungalayishwa kwangaphambili okwaneleyo Okanye, kwiNgqondo, ukuze itshokolethi ihambe kakuhle, kodwaamantongomane eenkunikufuneka uxinzelelwe kwangaphambili. Ubunzima ekuqiniseni intambo buyacinezelwa kakhulu. Zama ngamandla ukoyisa uvavanyo lokuzithemba kwintambo. Kukho amandla amaninzi xa kufikwa ekulweni ngamandla ukuze uthintele ukhuphiswano ukuba lungavavanywa. Akulula ukuqinisa iibholiti, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubunzima bokulinganisela bukhululeke lula.
(2) Kukho iziphene kwi-doubleinatiIndlela yokutshixa: Ukutshixa iinati ezimbini yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulwa nokukhuluphala kwentambo kwizicelo zangoku ezisebenzayo. Inezibonelelo zokucubungula okulula, ukuzinza nokuthembeka, kunye nokuqhaqha kunye nokuhlanganisa okulula. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso ye-petrochemical, yokucubungula kunye neyokuvelisa, kodwa inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhulula ngokubanzi. , Isiphumo asifanelekanga phantsi kwemithwalo ephindaphindwayo ephindaphindwayo ixesha elide, kuba ukulingana phakathi kwezihlanganisi ezineentambo kukulingana kwesithuba, kwaye intambo yangaphakathi kunye nentambo yangaphandle ihlangana kancinci ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa, kwaye intambo yangaphandle isebenzisa amandla e-Axial angaphandle, nto leyo evelisa amandla okungqubana achasene necala lokuqinisa, ithintela i-bolt ekukhululekeni, kwaye ngaloo ndlela idlala indima yokuqinisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomsantsa phakathi kwe-bolt kunye ne-nut, umthwalo uhlala utshintsha ngexesha lokusebenza kwezixhobo, ukuze amandla okuqinisa kwangaphambili phakathi kwentambo yangaphakathi neyangaphandle atshintshe, kwaye uqhagamshelo lwentambo lukhululeke kancinci. Olu khululeko luya kuqhubeka luqokelelana ngokuhamba kwexesha de i-bolt iwe.
(3) Umgangatho wokucubungula intambo ongafanelekiyo Umgangatho wokucubungula iindawo ezinentambo unempembelelo enkulu kwisibini soqhagamshelwano. Umsantsa wentambo oqhelekileyo awulingani. Xa umsantsa wentambo mkhulu, umsantsa wokudibanisa uyanda, ukuze amandla okuqinisa intambo angakwazi ukufikelela kulindelo, kwaye kunzima ukuvelisa ukungqubana okwaneleyo. Ikhawulezisa ukukhululeka kwentambo phantsi komthwalo otshintshanayo; xa isithuba sentambo sincinci, indawo yoqhagamshelwano lwentambo yangaphakathi neyangaphandle iba ncinci, kwaye phantsi kwesenzo somthwalo, inxalenye yentambo ithwala umthwalo opheleleyo, inciphisa amandla entambo kwaye ikhawulezise ukungaphumeleli konxibelelwano lwentambo.
(4) Umgangatho wofakelo awuhlangabezani neemfuno. Xa ufaka, umphezulu woqhagamshelwano kufuneka ube tyaba kwaye ucoceke, kwaye umsantsa omkhulu akufuneki udlule kwi-0.04 mm. Ngaphandle koko, kufuneka kusetyenziswe iplaner okanye ifayile yokulinganisa. Ukuba iimeko azifumaneki, ishiti yesinyithi ebhityileyo ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa. Ukuba kukho ungcoliseko lweoyile phakathi kwemiphezulu yoqhagamshelwano emibini, iibholiti zebhloko yokulinganisela aziyi kuqiniswa ngokuqinileyo, kwaye kuya kuba lula ukuzikhulula nokutyibilika.
(5) Ngenxa yezinye izinto, ezinje ngokungcangcazela komzimba xa iyunithi yokumpompa ima kwaye iibhuleki ziqhawuka, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo loxinzelelo lomgodi ongaphantsi komhlaba, njl.njl., kulula ukubangela ukuba i-nut ye-balance block ikhululeke.
3. Amanyathelo okhuseleko
Ukuthintela ukukhululeka koqhagamshelo olunemisonto lweubunzima bevili, la manyathelo alandelayo afanelekileyo kufuneka athathwe kwiinkalo ezintathu zoyilo, ukwenziwa kunye nokufakelwa.
(1) Phucula indlela yokulayisha kwangaphambili Oko kukuthi, indlela yesayensi isetyenziswa ukufaka i-torque yokuqinisa ehlangabezana neemfuno zayo kwiibholithi zokuqinisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba uqhagamshelo olunemisonto luhlangabezana namandla afunekayo okuqinisa kwangaphambili. Ngokweemfuno ze-torque yokuqinisa kwangaphambili zeebholithi zokudibanisa, i-torque ephezulu evumelekileyo yokuqinisa kwangaphambili yeebholithi ze-M42-M48 kufuneka ifikelele kwi-312-416KGM. Ngokweemava asentsimini, kulungile xa isitshixo sitsiba kancinci.
(2) Yongeza amanyathelo okulwa nokukhulula Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kwezixhobo, akwanelanga ukusebenzisa amandla afanelekileyo okuqinisa kwangaphambili, kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo athile ukuthintela iibholithi ukuba zingakhululeki. Amanyathelo aqhelekileyo okulwa nokukhulula aquka la mane alandelayo:
a.Ukungqubana ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhululeka. Le ndlela ifana nendlela yokwandisa amandla okuqinisa ngaphambi kokuba kuqiniswe. Ngokongeza izixhobo, isibini esidibanisayo sivelisa uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, ngaloo ndlela sandisa amandla okungqubana phakathi kwezibini zemisonto ukuze zingajikelezi. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka: ii-washers ezithambileyo, ii-nuts eziphindwe kabini, ii-Self-locking nuts, njl. Le ndlela yokulwa nokukhulula kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye kulula ukuyiqhekeza, kodwa kulula ukuyikhulula phantsi kwemithwalo etshintshanayo yexesha elide.
b.Ukuthintela ukukhululeka koomatshini. Ukujikeleza phakathi kwezibini ezinemisonto kuyathintelwa ngokongeza isithinteli. Njengokusebenzisa iiphini eziqhekekileyo, iingcingo ezilandelanayo kunye neewasher zokumisa. Le ndlela yenza ukuba ukuqhaqha kungakhululeki, kwaye iphini yokumisa yonakale lula.
c.Ukubethelela intambo ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhululeka. Ukuwelda, ukunyibilika okushushu kunye neminye imisebenzi yenziwa emva kokulayisha kwangaphambili, nto leyo etshabalalisa ulwakhiwo lomsonto kwaye yenza intambo ilahlekelwe ziimpawu zesibini se-kinematic kwaye ibe lunxibelelwano olungenakwahlulwa. Ingxaki yale ndlela kukuba ingasetyenziswa kube kanye kuphela kwaye iibholithi kufuneka zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo xa ziqhekeka.
d.Ukuthintela ukukhululeka kwesakhiwo. Kusetyenziswa imisonto ehlukanisiweyo, imisonto elungileyo neyangasemva idityaniswe ibe yibholiti enye, ngaloo ndlela kutshintsha ulwakhiwo lwesibini lomsonto. Ibholiti enye inokukrufulwa ibe yinati ejikelezayo okanye ibe yinati ejikelezayo. Kwicala elichaseneyo, ukutshixana, oko kukuthi, indlela yentambo kaDown ethintela ukukhululeka.
Phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinzima, ngenxa yempembelelo yexesha elide yamaxesha atshintshanayo afana nokungcangcazela kunye nefuthe, zombini i-tightening nut kunye ne-locking nut zidla ngokukhululeka, kodwa i-tightening nut isebenzisa i-torque echasene newotshi kwi-locking nut xa ithunyelwa phambili nangaphambili. , kwaye le torque iya kuyiqinisa ngakumbi i-lock nut kwi-tightening nut, kwaye ii-nut ezimbini ziya kunamathelana ukuze uqhagamshelo olunemisonto lungakwazi ukukhululeka. Intambo ye-Down ayidingi ukongeza izixhobo. Ixhomekeke kuphela kwii-nut ezimbini ezineendlela ezichaseneyo ukuze zifakwe kwi-bolt efanayo, kwaye ii-nut ezimbini zivaliwe kunye. Umsebenzi ulula, ukhuselekile kwaye uthembekile, kodwa isakhiwo sentambo edibeneyo kwintambo yangaphandle sinzima ngakumbi. Iimfuno zobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ziphezulu. Kwiyunithi yokupompa i-beam, ngenxa yempembelelo yomthwalo otshintshanayo kunye nokungcangcazela, ukukhululeka kwee-bolts zokubopha zeubunzima bevilikuxhaphake kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenzisa i-Down's thread ukuthintela ukukhululeka kungayisombulula kakuhle le ngxaki..
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-16-2022
