1. Ingcaciso emfutshane
Umsonto wangaphakathi osetyenziswa ngamaza ajikelezayo kwaye okhethiweyo ukuba usetyenziswe uqiniswa nguiibholiti eziqhelekileyokunye neebholiti ezizitshixayo, ezilinganiswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisa, kwaye umahluko phakathi kweebholiti ze-anchor kunye nee-curve ze-anchoring characteristic anchoring curves uyahlalutywa. Isiphumo: Indlela yokulinganisa ibholiti kunye nebholiti iya kufumana iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa, isikali sexesha lokutshixa setsheyini senza ukuzilinganisa ngokwakho kunye nesikali sexesha lokuzilinganisa ngokwakho kukhokelela kwiithagethi ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yegophe eliqhelekileyo lokuhamba, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezifunyenweyo ziya kuhamba ziye ekunene.
2. Ifilosofi yoVavanyo
Okwangoku, indlela ye-ultrasonic isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-gynecology.uvavanyo lwamandla e-axial e-boltyenqaku lokuncamathela kwenkqubo engaphantsi kwemoto, oko kukuthi, ijika elinophawu lobudlelwane (ijika lokulinganisa i-bolt) phakathi kwamandla e-axial e-bolt kunye nomahluko wexesha lesandi se-ultrasonic lifunyanwa kwangaphambili, kwaye uvavanyo olulandelayo lwenkqubo engaphantsi kwenxalenye yokwenyani lwenziwa. Amandla e-axial e-bolt kuqhagamshelo lokuqinisa anokufunyanwa ngokulinganisa umahluko wexesha lesandi se-bolt ngokwe-ultrasound kunye nokubhekisa kwijika lokulinganisa. Ke ngoko, ukufumana ijika lokulinganisa elichanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuchanekeni kweziphumo zokulinganisa amandla e-bolt kwinkqubo engaphantsi kwenxalenye yokwenyani. Okwangoku, iindlela zovavanyo lwe-ultrasonic ziquka ikakhulu indlela ye-single wave (oko kukuthi indlela ye-longitudinal wave) kunye nendlela ye-transverse longitudinal wave.
Kwinkqubo yokulinganisa i-bolt, kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela iziphumo zokulinganisa, ezinje ngobude bokubopha, ubushushu, isantya somatshini wokuqinisa, izixhobo zokulungisa, njl. Okwangoku, indlela yokulinganisa i-bolt esetyenziswa kakhulu yindlela yokuqinisa ukujikeleza. Ii-bolts zilinganiswa kwibhentshi yovavanyo lwe-bolt, efuna ukuveliswa kwezinto ezixhasayo ze-axial force sensor, eziyi-pressure plate kunye ne-internal threaded hole fixture. Umsebenzi we-internal threaded hole fixture kukutshintsha ii-nuts eziqhelekileyo. Uyilo oluchasene nokukhululeka ludla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo zokudibanisa zokubopha ezine-high safety factor ye-automobile chassis ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokuqina kwayo. Enye yeendlela zokulwa nokukhululeka ezisetyenziswayo ngoku yi-self-locking nut, oko kukuthi, i-torque locking nut esebenzayo.
Umbhali usebenzisa indlela ye-longitudinal wave aze asebenzise isixhobo sangaphakathi esenziwe ngokwakhe ukukhetha i-nut eqhelekileyo kunye ne-self-locking nut ukuze ilinganise i-bolt. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisa kunye neendlela zokulinganisa, umahluko phakathi kwe-nut eqhelekileyo kunye ne-self-locking nut ukuze ilinganise i-bolt curve uyafundwa. Uvavanyo lwe-axial force lwe-automotive subsystem fasteners lunika iingcebiso ezithile.
Ukuvavanya amandla e-axial eebholiti ngetekhnoloji ye-ultrasonic yindlela yovavanyo engathanga ngqo. Ngokomgaqo we-sonoelasticity, isantya sokusasazeka kwesandi kwizinto eziqinileyo sinxulumene noxinzelelo, ngoko ke amaza e-ultrasonic angasetyenziselwa ukufumana amandla e-axial eebholiti [5-8]. Ibholiti iya kuzolula ngokwayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ivelise uxinzelelo lokuxinana kwe-axial. I-pulse ye-ultrasonic iya kudluliselwa ukusuka entlokweni yebholiti ukuya emsileni. Ngenxa yotshintsho olukhawulezileyo kuxinano lwe-medium, iya kubuyela kwindlela yokuqala, kwaye umphezulu webholiti uya kufumana isignali nge-piezoelectric ceramic. umahluko wexesha Δt. Umzobo weskimu wovavanyo lwe-ultrasonic uboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Umahluko wexesha uhambelana nobude.
Ukuvavanya amandla e-axial eebholthi ngetekhnoloji ye-ultrasonic yindlela yokuvavanya engathanga ngqo. Ngokomgaqo we-sonoelasticity, isantya sokusasazeka kwesandi kwizinto eziqinileyo sinxulumene noxinzelelo, ngoko ke amaza e-ultrasound angasetyenziselwa ukufumanaamandla e-axial eebholthiIbholiti iza kuzithambisa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ivelise uxinzelelo lokuxinana kwe-axial. I-pulse ye-ultrasonic iya kudluliselwa ukusuka entlokweni yebholiti ukuya emsileni. Ngenxa yotshintsho olukhawulezileyo kuxinano lwe-medium, iya kubuya ngendlela yokuqala, kwaye umphezulu webholiti uya kufumana isignali nge-piezoelectric ceramic. umahluko wexesha Δt. Umzobo weskimu wovavanyo lwe-ultrasonic uboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Umahluko wexesha uhambelana nobude.
I-M12 mm × 1.75 mm × 100 mm uze emva koko uchaze iinkcukacha zeebholiti, sebenzisa iibholiti eziqhelekileyo ukulungisa iibholiti ezi-5 ezinjalo, qala usebenzise uvavanyo lwe-self-anchor oluneendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-calibration solder paste, yi-artificial spiral plate yokulinganisa i-flange yebholiti kwaye ucinezele Xa uskena igagasi lokuqala (oko kukuthi, ukurekhoda i-L0 yokuqala), uze uyikrufule kwi-100 N m + 30° ngesixhobo esinye (esibizwa ngokuba yindlela yohlobo I), kwaye esinye kukuskena igagasi lokuqala kwaye ulikrufule kubungakanani obujoliswe kubo ngesibhamu sokuqinisa (esibizwa ngokuba yindlela yohlobo I). Kwindlela yohlobo lwesibini), kuya kubakho uhlobo oluthile kule nkqubo (njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4) 5 yindlela eqhelekileyo yebholiti kunye nendlela yokuzitshixa. Igophe emva kokulinganisa ngokwendlela yohlobo I Umfanekiso 6 luhlobo lokuzitshixa. Umfanekiso 6 yiklasi yokuzitshixa. Iigophe zeKlasi I kunye neKlasi II. Indlela yokusebenzisa ingaba, sebenzisa i-curve yesiko yeklasi ye-anchor eqhelekileyo, ifane ncamashi (zonke zidlula kwimvelaphi ngesantya esifanayo secandelo kunye nenani lamanqaku); tshixa uhlobo lwesalathiso sohlobo lwe-anchor point (uhlobo I kunye nophawu lwe-anchor, i-slope yomahluko wexesha kunye nenani lamanqaku); fumana ukufana)
Uvavanyo 3 kukuseta i-Y3 coordinate yeGraph Setup kwisoftware yesixhobo sokufumana idatha njenge-coordinate yobushushu (kusetyenziswa i-external temperature sensor), misela umgama we-idling we-bolt ukuya kwi-60 mm ukuze kulinganiswe, kwaye urekhode amandla e-torque/axial/temperature kunye ne-curve ye-angle. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 8, kunokubonwa ukuba ngokukrufula okuqhubekayo kwe-bolt, ubushushu buyanda ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye ukunyuka kobushushu kunokuthathwa njengomgca othe tye. Iisampuli ezine ze-bolt zikhethwe ukuze kulinganiswe ngee-nuts ezizitshixayo. Umfanekiso 9 ubonisa ii-calibration curves zee-bolts ezine. Kunokubonwa ukuba ii-curves ezine zonke ziguqulelwe ngasekunene, kodwa i-degree of translation yahlukile. Itheyibhile 2 irekhoda umgama apho i-calibration curve itshintshela ngasekunene kwaye i-temperature iyanda ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa. Kunokubonwa ukuba i-degree of calibration curve itshintshela ngasekunene ihambelana ngokusisiseko nokunyuka kobushushu.
3. Isiphelo kunye nengxoxo
Ibholiti iphantsi kwesenzo esidibeneyo soxinzelelo lwe-axial kunye noxinzelelo lwe-torsional ngexesha lokuqina, kwaye amandla avelayo kwezi zimbini ekugqibeleni abangela ukuba ibholiti iphume. Ekulinganisweni kwebholiti, kuphela amandla e-axial ebholiti abonakala kwi-calibration curve ukubonelela ngamandla okubamba kwenkqubo yokubopha. Kunokubonwa kwiziphumo zovavanyo ezikuMfanekiso 5 ukuba, nangona iyinati ezizitshixayo, ukuba ubude bokuqala burekhodwa emva kokuba ibholiti ijikeleziswe ngesandla ukuya kwinqanaba apho iza kungena khona kumphezulu wokuthwala wepleyiti yoxinzelelo, iziphumo ze-calibration curve zihambelana ngokupheleleyo nezo zenati eqhelekileyo. Oku kubonisa ukuba kule meko, impembelelo ye-self-locking torque yenati ezitshixayo ayinamsebenzi.
Ukuba ibholithi iqiniswe ngqo kwi-nut ezizitshixayo ngesibhamu sombane, igophe liya kutshintshela ngasekunene lilonke, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 6. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-torque ezitshixayo ichaphazela umahluko wexesha le-acoustic kwi-calibration curve. Qaphela icandelo lokuqala legophe elitshintshelwe ngasekunene, okubonisa ukuba amandla e-axial akakaveliswa phantsi kwemeko yokuba ibholithi inomlinganiselo othile wobude, okanye amandla e-axial amancinci kakhulu, okulingana nokuba ibholithi ayikacinezelwa kwi-sensor yamandla e-axial. Ukolula, ngokucacileyo ubude bebholithi ngeli xesha kubude obungachanekanga, kungekhona ubude bokwenyani. Isizathu sobude obungachanekanga kukuba ubushushu obuveliswa yi-torque ezitshixayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa umoya buchaphazela ukusasazeka kwamaza e-ultrasonic, abonakala kwigophe. Kubonisa ukuba ibholithi inyusiwe, okubonisa ukuba ubushushu bunefuthe kwi-ultrasound wave. KwiMifanekiso 6, i-self-locking nut ikwasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa, kodwa isizathu sokuba i-calibration curve ingatshintshi iye ekunene kukuba nangona kukho ukungqubana xa ukrwela i-self-locking nut, ubushushu buyaveliswa, kodwa ubushushu bufakiwe ekurekhodweni kobude bokuqala be-bolt. Isusiwe, kwaye ixesha lokulinganisa i-bolt lifutshane kakhulu (ngesiqhelo lingaphantsi kwe-5s), ngoko ke isiphumo sobushushu asibonakali kwi-calibration characteristic curve.
Kunokubonwa kuhlalutyo olungasentla ukuba ukungqubana kwentambo kwi-air screwing kubangela ukuba ubushushu be-bolt bunyuke, nto leyo enciphisa isantya se-ultrasonic wave, ebonakala njengotshintsho oluhambelanayo lwe-calibration curve ukuya ngasekunene. I-Torque, zombini ezihambelana nobushushu obuveliswa yi-thread friction, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 10. KwiTheyibhile 2, ubukhulu botshintsho oluchanekileyo lwe-calibration curve kunye nokunyuka kobushushu be-bolt ngexesha lenkqubo yonke yokuqinisa ziyabalwa. Kunokubonwa ukuba ubukhulu botshintsho oluchanekileyo lwe-calibration curve buhambelana neqondo lokunyuka kobushushu, kwaye bunobudlelwane obulinganayo obulinganayo. Umlinganiselo umalunga ne-10.1. Ukuba ubushushu buyanda nge-10°C, umahluko wexesha le-acoustic uyanda nge-101ns, ohambelana namandla e-axial angama-24.4kN kwi-M12 bolt calibration curve. Ukusuka kwimbono ebonakalayo, kuchazwa ukuba ukunyuka kobushushu kuya kubangela ukuba ipropathi ye-resonant yezinto ze-bolt itshintshe, ukuze isantya se-ultrasonic wave kwi-bolt medium sitshintshe kwaye emva koko sichaphazele ixesha lokusasazeka kwe-ultrasonic.
4. Ingcebiso
Xa usebenzisa i-nut eqhelekileyo kunyeinathi ezitshixayoukuze kulinganiswe igophe elinophawu lwebholithi, kuya kufunyanwa iigophe ezahlukeneyo ezinophawu lwebholithi ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo. I-torque eqinayo ye-nut ezizitshixayo inyusa ubushushu bebholithi, nto leyo eyandisa umahluko wexesha le-ultrasonic, kwaye igophe elinophawu lwebholithi elifunyenweyo liya kutshintshela ngasekunene ngaxeshanye.
Ngexesha lovavanyo lwelebhu, impembelelo yobushushu kwi-ultrasound wave kufuneka isuswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, okanye indlela efanayo yokulinganisa kufuneka isetyenziswe kwizigaba ezibini zovavanyo lwe-bolt calibration kunye ne-axial force.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-19-2022
