1. Ngokufutshane
Intambo yangaphakathi esetyenziswe ngamaza e-longitudinal kwaye ekhethiweyo ukuba isetyenziswe ilungiswe nguiibholiti eziqhelekileyokunye neebholiti zokuzitshixa, ezilinganiswe ngamaqhinga ahlukeneyo okuqinisa, kwaye umahluko phakathi kweebholiti ze-anchor kunye ne-self-locking calibration i-anchoring characteristic curves ihlalutywa.Isiphumo: Indlela yokulinganisa ibholiti kunye nebholithi iya kufumana iimpawu zokulinganisa ezahlukeneyo, isikali sexesha lokutshixa lekhonkco lenza ukuzilinganisa ngokuzimeleyo kunye nexesha lokuzilinganisa lokuzilinganisa likhokelela kwiithagethi ezahlukeneyo.Ngenxa yegophe lentshukumo eqhelekileyo, iimpawu ezifunyenweyo ezahlukeneyo ziya kuhamba ngasekunene.
2. Ifilosofi yoVavanyo
Okwangoku, indlela ye-ultrasonic isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiuvavanyo lwebholiti ye-axial forceindawo yokuqinisa i-subsystem yemoto, oko kukuthi, ijika leempawu zobudlelwane (i-bolt calibration curve) phakathi kwe-bolt axial force kunye ne-ultrasonic sound time difference ifumaneka kwangaphambili, kunye novavanyo olulandelayo lweyona ndlela ye-subsystem.I-axial force ye-bolt ekuxhumaneni kokuqinisa inokufumaneka ngokulinganisa i-ultrasonically umehluko wexesha lesandi kunye nokubhekisela kwi-curve calibration.Ngoko ke, ukufumana ijika elichanekileyo lokulinganisa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuchanekeni kwe-bolt axial force measurement result in the real part subsystem.Okwangoku, iindlela zovavanyo lwe-ultrasonic ikakhulu zibandakanya indlela yamaza amaza enye (okt indlela yamaza obude) kunye nendlela yamaza enqamlezayo.
Kwinkqubo yokulinganisa i-bolt, kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela iziphumo zokulinganisa, ezifana nobude be-clamping, ubushushu, isantya somatshini wokuqinisa, i-fixture tooling, njl.Iibholiti zilinganiswe kwibhentshi yokuvavanya i-bolt, efuna ukuveliswa kwezixhobo ezixhasayo kwi-axial force sensor, eyiplate yoxinzelelo kunye nokulungiswa komngxuma ongaphakathi.Umsebenzi womngxunya wangaphakathi odityanisiweyo kukubuyisela amandongomane aqhelekileyo.Uyilo oluchasene ne-Anti-loose ludla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo zokuqhagamshelwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu lwe-chassis yemoto ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokuqina kwayo.Enye yeendlela ezichasayo ezamkelweyo ngoku yi-nati yokuzivalela, oko kukuthi, i-torque esebenzayo yokutshixa i-nut.
Umbhali wamkela indlela yamaza emide kwaye usebenzisa umsonto owenziweyo wangaphakathi ukuze ukhethe i-nut eqhelekileyo kunye ne-nati yokuzivalela ukulinganisa ibholithi.Ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqiniswa kunye neendlela zokulinganisa, umahluko phakathi kwentongomane eqhelekileyo kunye ne-self-locking nut ukulinganisa i-bolt curve iyafundwa.Uvavanyo lwamandla e-Axial ye-automotive subsystem fasteners yenza iingcebiso ezithile.
Ukuvavanya i-axial force ye-bolts ngeteknoloji ye-ultrasonic yindlela yokuvavanya ngokungathanga ngqo.Ngokomgaqo we-sonoelasticity, isantya sokusasazwa kwesandi kwizinto eziqinileyo zihambelana noxinzelelo, ngoko ke amaza e-ultrasonic angasetyenziselwa ukufumana i-axial force of bolts [5-8].I-bolt iya kuzolula ngokwayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ivelise uxinzelelo lwe-axial tensile.I-pulse ye-ultrasonic iya kuhanjiswa ukusuka kwintloko yebholi ukuya kumsila.Ngenxa yotshintsho olukhawulezileyo kubuninzi bendawo ephakathi, iya kubuya ecaleni kwendlela yokuqala, kwaye umphezulu webholithi uya kufumana umqondiso ngeceramic piezoelectric.Umahluko wexesha Δt.Umzobo we-schematic wovavanyo lwe-ultrasonic uboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Ukwahlukana kwexesha kuhambelana nokunyuka.
Ukuvavanya i-axial force ye-bolts ngeteknoloji ye-ultrasonic yindlela yokuvavanya ngokungathanga ngqo.Ngokomgaqo we-sonoelasticity, isantya sokusasazwa kwesandi kwizinto eziqinileyo zihambelana noxinzelelo, ngoko ke amaza e-ultrasonic angasetyenziselwa ukufumana.amandla e-axial yeebholithi.I-bolt iya kuzolula ngokwayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ivelise uxinzelelo lwe-axial tensile.I-pulse ye-ultrasonic iya kudluliselwa ukusuka kwintloko yebholi ukuya kumsila.Ngenxa yotshintsho olukhawulezileyo kubuninzi bendawo ephakathi, iya kubuya ecaleni kwendlela yokuqala, kwaye umphezulu webholithi uya kufumana umqondiso ngeceramic piezoelectric.Umahluko wexesha Δt.Umzobo we-schematic wovavanyo lwe-ultrasonic uboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Ukwahlukana kwexesha kuhambelana nokunyuka.
M12 mm × 1.75 mm × 100 mm kwaye ke ukucaciswa kweebholiti, sebenzisa iibholiti eziqhelekileyo ukulungisa iibholithi ezi-5, okokuqala sebenzisa uvavanyo lokuzibophelela ngeankile ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuncamathisela ukulinganisa i-solder, ipleyiti ejiyileyo eyenziweyo yokufaka ibhonti ye-flange efanelekileyo kwaye cofa Xa uskena iliza lokuqala (oko kukuthi, urekhoda i-L0 yoqobo), kwaye emva koko uyijije ukuya kwi-100 N m+30 ° ngesixhobo esinye (esibizwa ngokuba ludidi lwendlela ye-I), kwaye enye kukuskena iliza lokuqala kwaye ulijije. ukuya kubungakanani obujoliswe kuyo ngompu wokuqinisa (okuthiwa luhlobo lwendlela ye-I).Kwindlela yodidi lwesibini), kuya kubakho uhlobo oluthile kule nkqubo (njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4) 5 yibholiti eqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuzivalela Igophe emva kokulinganisa ngokohlobo lwendlela I-Figure 6 yi-self-locking. uhlobo lokutshixa.Umzobo 6 yiklasi yokuzivalela.Iklasi I kunye neClass II ijika.Indlela yokusetyenziswa ingaba, sebenzisa i-curve yesiko leklasi ye-anchor eqhelekileyo, ngokufanayo (zonke zidlula kwimvelaphi kunye nesantya secandelo elifanayo kunye nenani lamanqaku);tshixa uhlobo lwesalathiso sohlobo lwe-anchor (uhlobo I kunye ne-anchor mark, i-slope ye-interval umahluko kunye nenani lamanqaku);fumana ezifanayo)
Uvavanyo lwe-3 kukuseta ulungelelwaniso lwe-Y3 lwe-Graph Setup kwi-software yesixhobo sokufumana idatha njengolungelelwaniso lobushushu (usebenzisa i-sensor yangaphandle yobushushu), setha umgama we-idling webholi ukuya kwi-60 mm yokulinganisa, kwaye urekhode i-torque/axial force/ ubushushu kunye negophe le-engile.Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 8, kunokubonwa ukuba kunye ne-screwing eqhubekayo ye-bolt, iqondo lokushisa likhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kunokuthathwa njengomgca.Iisampulu ezine zebholiti zikhethelwe ukulinganisa ngamantongomane okuzivalela.Umzobo we-9 ubonisa iigophe zokulinganisa iibholiti ezine.Kuyabonakala ukuba iigophe ezine zonke ziguqulelwe ngasekunene, kodwa iqondo lokuguqulela lihlukile.Itheyibhile 2 irekhoda umgama wokuba ijika lokulinganisa litshintshela ngasekunene kunye nokwanda kweqondo lokushisa ngexesha lokuqina.Ingabonwa ukuba iqondo lokutshintshela kwigophe lokulinganisa ukuya ngasekunene ngokusisiseko lilingana nokunyuka kobushushu.
3. Isiphelo kunye neNgxoxo
I-bolt ixhomekeke kwisenzo esidibeneyo soxinzelelo lwe-axial kunye noxinzelelo lwe-torsional ngexesha lokuqinisa, kwaye umphumo wesiphumo sesibini ekugqibeleni ubangela ukuba i-bolt ivelise.Kukulungelelaniswa kwebholithi, kuphela amandla e-axial ebholithi abonakaliswe kwigophe lokulinganisa ukubonelela ngamandla okuqinisayo wenkqubo engaphantsi yokuqina.Inokubonwa kwiziphumo zovavanyo kwi-Figure 5 ukuba, nangona i-nut-locking nut, ukuba ubude bokuqala burekhodwa emva kokuba i-bolt ijikelezwe ngesandla ukuya kwindawo apho ilungele ukulingana nomgangatho wokuthwala uxinzelelo. ipleyiti, iziphumo zegophe lokulinganisa zihambelana ngokupheleleyo nezo ze nut eqhelekileyo.Oku kubonisa ukuba kulo mbuso, impembelelo ye-torque yokuzivalela ye-self-locking nut ayinanto.
Ukuba i-bolt igxininiswe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-nati yokuzivalela ngompu wombane, ijika liya kutshintshela ngasekunene ngokupheleleyo, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-torque yokuzivalela ichaphazela ukuhluka kwexesha le-acoustic kwi-calibration. igophe.Qwalasela icandelo lokuqala legophe elitshintshelwe ngasekunene, libonisa ukuba amandla e-axial ayikaveliswa phantsi kwemeko yokuba ibholithi inomlinganiselo othile wobude, okanye i-axial force incinci kakhulu, elingana naleyo ibholt inayo. ayicinezelwa ngokuchasene ne-axial force sensor.Ukolula, ngokucacileyo ukolulwa kwebholiti ngeli xesha lubude obungeyonyani, asilulo lokwenyani.Isizathu sokwandisa ubuxoki kukuba ukushisa okwenziwa yi-torque yokuzivalela ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa umoya kuchaphazela ukusasazwa kwamaza e-ultrasonic, abonakaliswe kwi-curve.Ibonisa ukuba i-bolt iye yandiswa, ebonisa ukuba ubushushu bunefuthe kwi-ultrasonic wave.KuMzobo we-6, i-nati yokuzivalela isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa, kodwa isizathu sokuba ijika lokulinganisa lingatshintshi ukuya ngasekunene kukuba nangona kukho ukungqubuzana xa u-screw kwi-self-locking nut, ubushushu buveliswa, kodwa ukushisa. ibandakanyiwe ekurekhodweni kobude bokuqala bebholithi.Icociwe, kwaye ixesha lokulinganisa ibholiti lifutshane kakhulu (lidla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwe-5s), ngoko ke umphumo wobushushu awubonakali kwijika leempawu zokulinganisa.
Inokubonwa kolu hlalutyo lungentla ukuba i-thread friction kwi-screwing yomoya ibangela ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwe-bolt, okunciphisa i-ultrasonic wave velocity, ebonakaliswa njengenguqu ehambelanayo ye-curve calibration ukuya ngasekunene.I-Torque, ezo zombini zihambelana nobushushu obuveliswa yi-thread friction, njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 10. KwiThebhile 2, ubukhulu bokutshintsha okufanelekileyo kwe-curve yokulinganisa kunye nokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwi-bolt ngexesha lenkqubo yonke yokuqinisa kubalwa.Ingabonwa ukuba ubukhulu benguqu echanekileyo ye-curve yokulinganisa ihambelana neqondo lokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, kwaye linobudlelwane obulinganayo bomgca.Umlinganiselo umalunga ne-10.1.Ukucinga ukuba izinga lokushisa linyuka nge-10 ° C, ukuhluka kwexesha le-acoustic kwanda nge-101ns, ehambelana ne-axial force ye-24.4kN kwi-curve yokulinganisa i-bolt ye-M12.Ukusuka kumbono womzimba, kuchazwa ukuba ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kuya kubangela ukuba ipropathi ye-resonant ye-bolt itshintshe, ukwenzela ukuba i-ultrasonic wave isantya ngokusebenzisa i-bolt medium utshintsho kwaye emva koko ichaphazela ixesha lokusabalalisa i-ultrasonic.
4. Ingcebiso
Xa usebenzisa i-nut eqhelekileyo kunyeukuzitshixa nutukulinganisa igophe lophawu lwebholithi, iigophe zeempawu ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa ziya kufumaneka ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo.I-torque eqinisiweyo ye-nati yokuzivalela inyusa izinga lokushisa kwi-bolt, eyandisa ukuhluka kwexesha le-ultrasonic, kunye ne-curve ye-calibration efunyenweyo iya kutshintshela ngasekunene ngokufanayo.
Ngexesha lovavanyo lwebhubhoratri, impembelelo yeqondo lokushisa kwi-ultrasonic wave kufuneka ikhutshwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, okanye indlela efanayo yokulinganisa kufuneka yamkelwe kwizigaba ezimbini zokulinganisa i-bolt kunye novavanyo lwe-axial force.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-19-2022